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Gender Healthcare Public Consultation: References sourced

Temporary page for consultation on evidence citations

List of references

Any clinical data that has been published as an academic paper in a peer reviewed journal will be reviewed and screened for inclusion, in line with the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the PROSPERO registered protocol available on www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero under registration number CRD42024596562.

In summary, the main inclusion criteria are:
  • The paper contains original research/data (i.e. it a paper written to report original data).
  • The paper includes data describing attendance at a gender service (defined as a service delivered by healthcare professionals) OR placement on a waiting list for such a service OR use of medical or surgical interventions specifically for the purposes of gender transition.
  • Data that includes at least one of the following domains:
    • Physical health needs including all cause morbidity and mortality.
    • Mental health needs including all cause morbidity and mortality.
    • History of substance use and/or addiction.
    • Need for counselling and/or family therapy.
    • Experience of trauma.
    • Disability related needs.
    • Neurodiversity related needs including autism and ADHD related needs.
    • Social health needs include challenges related to housing stability and economic stability.
    • Transition-related needs including non-medical interventions such as voice therapy.

The main exclusion criteria are:
  • The paper does not contain original research/data (i.e. it is a review article or set of guidelines).
  • The paper is a case report or case series.  
  • The paper does not contain data including at least one of the domains listing as inclusion criteria.

 

References screened and included

To search for a title, use CTRL + F

  1. A Clinically Neglected Topic: Risk of Suicide in Transgender Individuals.
Yüksel, Şahika
2017
  1. A comparison of mental health symptomatology and
    levels of social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals who identify as binary and non-binary
Thorne, Nat
2020
  1. A comparison of mental health, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors between rural and non-rural transgender persons
Horvath, K.
2014
  1. A cross-sectional study of clinical and psychosocial characteristics of a cohort of 371 transgender patient
    treated at albany medical center
Ahmad S.
2016
  1. A report from a single institute's 14-year experience in treatment of male-to-female transsexuals
Imbimbo C.
2009
  1. A retrospective evaluation of pediatric transgender patientsbefore and after transition-related therapeutic interventions
Figueredo V.
2021
  1. Access to care and frequency of detransition among a cohort discharged by a UK national adult gender identity clinic:
    retrospective case-note review
Hall, R.
2021
  1. An exploration of mental distress in transgender people in Ireland with reference to minority stress and dissonance theory.
de Vries, Jan M A
2022
  1. Analysis of Mortality Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in England.
Jackson, Sarah S
2023
  1. Analysis of Psychiatric Symptoms and Suicide Risk Among Younger Adults in China by Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation.
Sun, Shufang
2023
  1. Apparent autistic traits in transgender people: a prospective study of the impact of gender-affirming hormonal treatment
Mazzoli F.
2022
  1. Association of Pubertal Blockade at Tanner 2/3 With Psychosocial Benefits in Transgender and Gender Diverse
    Youth at Hormone Readiness Assessment
McGregor K.
2024
  1. Australian children and adolescents with gender dysphoria:
    Clinical presentations and challenges experienced by a multidisciplinary team and gender service
Kozlowska, Kasia
2021
  1. Australian trans men: Development, sexuality, and mental health
Bolger, A.
2014
  1. Autism spectrum disorder risk factors and autistic traits in gender dysphoric children.
VanderLaan, Doug P
2015
  1. Autism spectrum disorders in gender dysphoric children and adolescents
Vries, A. De
2010
  1. Back to the Future: Is GnRHa Treatment in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents Only an Extended Evaluation Phase?
Fisher A.D.
2024
  1. Baseline Mental Health and Psychosocial Functioning of Transgender Adolescents Seeking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Kuper L.E.
2019
  1. Baseline physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of transgender youth seeking care for gender dysphoria
Olson J.
2015
  1. Bone Safety During the First Ten Years of Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment in Transwomen and Transmen.
Wiepjes, Chantal M
2019
  1. Cardiovascular Disease in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender and Cisgender Adults.
Poteat, Tonia C
2021
  1. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Myocardial Infarction in the Transgender Population.
Alzahrani, Talal
2019
  1. Characteristics of adolescents referred to a gender clinic: Are youth seen now different from those in initial reports?
Chiniara L.N.
2018
  1. Characterization of a transgender population in Portugal
Ferreira, Maria João
2022
  1. Children and Adolescents With Gender Identity Disorder Referred to a Pediatric Medical Center
2012
  1. Clinicians in the Veterans Health Administration initiate gender-affirming hormone therapy in concordance
    with clinical guideline recommendations
Jasuja G.K.
2024
  1. Cohort study of cancer risk among insured transgender people.
Silverberg, Michael J
2017
  1. Community connectedness and depression in transgender populations: The role of self-focused attention
Taber, Jamie L
2022
  1. Comparing adult and adolescent transsexuals: An MMPI-2 and MMPI-A study
Vries, A. De
2011
  1. Connections that moderate risk of non-suicidal self-injury among transgender and gender non-conforming youth.
Taliaferro, Lindsay A
2018
  1. Coping and psychological distress among genderqueer individuals: The moderating effect of social support
Budge, Stephanie L.
2014
  1. Cross-sex hormone therapy in trans persons is safe and effective at short-time follow-up:
    Results from the European network for the investigation of gender incongruence
Wierckx, K.
2014
  1. Cross-sex hormones and acute cardiovascular events in transgender persons: a cohort study
Getahun, D
2018
  1. Demographic Characteristics, Components of Sexuality and Gender, and Minority Stress and Their Associations to
    Excessive Alcohol, Cannabis, and Illicit (Noncannabis) Drug Use Among a
    Large Sample of Transgender People in the United States.
Gonzalez, Cesar A
2017
  1. Demographics, behavior problems, and psychosexual characteristics of adolescents with gender identity
    disorder or transvestic fetishism
Zucker, K.
2012
  1. Depression and anxiety in transgender and non-binary adolescents: prevalence and associations
    between adolescent and caregiver reports
Liles S.M.
2024
  1. Depression in male-to-female transgender Ontarians: Results from the Trans PULSE Project
Rotondi, N.
2011
  1. Disordered eating behaviors among transgender youth: Probability profiles from risk and protective factors.
Watson, Ryan J
2017
  1. Does Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment Affect 30-Year Cardiovascular Risk in Transgender Persons?
    A Two-Year Prospective European Study (ENIGI)
Cocchetti, Carlotta
2021
  1. Effect of pubertal suppression on psychological parameters in gender-diverse youth and their caregivers
Gohil A.
2020
  1. Employment, mental health, internalized stigma, and coping with transphobia among transgender individuals
Mizock, L.
2014
  1. Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: Extensive personal experience
Leinung, M.
2013
  1. Experiences of transgenderrelated discrimination and implications for health:
    Results from the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study
Bradford, J.
2013
  1. Exploring Health and Transition-Related Needs in Polish Transgender and Non-Binary Individuals.
Koziara, Karolina
2021
  1. Factors Associated with Suicidality Among a National Sample of Transgender Veterans.
Lehavot, Keren
2016
  1. Factors predicting psychiatric co-morbidity in gender-dysphoric adults
Terada, S.
2012
  1. Family Functioning and Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project.
Katz-Wise, Sabra L
2018
  1. Female and male transgender quality of life: Socioeconomic and medical differences
Motmans, J.
2012
  1. Feminizing Hormone Therapy Prescription Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Aging Transgender Individuals in Australia.
Balcerek, Matthew I
2021
  1. Fracture Risk in Trans Women and Trans Men Using Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Wiepjes, Chantal M
2020
  1. Gender abuse and major depression among transgender women: A prospective study of vulnerability and resilience
Nuttbrock, L.
2014
  1. Gender abuse, depressive symptoms, and substance use among transgender women: A 3-year prospective study
Nuttbrock, L.
2014
  1. Gender dysphoria in pediatric and transitional-aged youth hospitalized for suicidal behaviors: a cross-national inpatient study
Faruki, F
2023
  1. Gender dysphoria-Prevalence and co-morbidities in an Irish adult population
Judge, C.
2014
  1. Gender identity conflict/affirmation and major depression across the life course of transgender women
Nuttbrock, L.
2012
  1. Gender identity-based disparities in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among pre-teens in the United States.
Randall, Alyson B
2023
  1. Gender minority stress in transgender people: a major role for social network.
Collet, Sarah
2023
  1. Gender-related victimization, perceived social support, and predictors of depression among transgender Australians
Boza, C.
2014
  1. Gooren LJ. A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones
Asscheman
2011
  1. Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and Non-Binary Young People
Aparicio-García, Marta Evelia
2018
  1. Health, disability and quality of life among trans people in Sweden-a web-based survey.
Zeluf, Galit
2016
  1. Heterogeneity in gender dysphoria in a Brazilian sample awaiting gender-affirming surgery: A data-driven analysis
Silva, Dhiordan Cardoso
2022
  1. Hormone Therapy for the Aging Transgender Woman
Pickle S.R.
2022
  1. Hormone therapy, gender affirmation surgery, and their association with recent suicidal ideation and
    depression symptoms in transgender veterans
Tucker R.P.
2018
  1. Hormone treatment of gender identity disorder in a cohort of children and adolescents
Hewitt, J. K.
2012
  1. Hormone-treated transsexuals report less social distress, anxiety and depression.
Gómez-Gil, Esther
2012
  1. Hughto JMW. Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample
2019
  1. Impact of Sexual Orientation Identity on Medical Morbidities in Male-to-Female Transgender Patients
Gaither, Thomas W.
2017
  1. Incidence of breast cancer in a cohort of 5,135 transgender veterans.
Brown, George R
2015
  1. Incidence of thrombophilia and venous thrombosis in transsexuals under cross-sex hormone therapy
Ott, J.
2010
  1. Increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment and somatoform disorders in transsexual individuals.
Konrad, Marcel
2020
  1. Influences on loneliness, depression, sexual-risk behaviour and suicidal ideation among Thai transgender youth
Yadegarfard, M.
2013
  1. Internalized Transphobia, Resilience, and Mental Health:
    Applying the Psychological Mediation Framework to Italian Transgender Individuals.
Scandurra, Cristiano
2018
  1. Interpersonal functioning among individuals with gender dysphoria
Davey, A
2015
  1. Is hormonal therapy associated with better quality of life in transsexuals? A cross-sectional study.
Gorin-Lazard, Audrey
2012
  1. It gets better with age: Resilience, stigma, and mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender
    and queer persons from Poland.
Koziara, Karolina
2022
  1. Low bone mass is prevalent in male-to-female transsexual persons before the start of cross-sex hormonal
    therapy and gonadectomy.
Van Caenegem, E
2013
  1. Male-to-female transgender veterans and VA health care utilization
Shipherd, J.
2012
  1. Medical Treatment of Subjects with Gender Identity Disorder: The Experience in an Italian Public Health Center
Manieri, Chiara
2014
  1. Mental Health and Protective Factors for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youths Who Trade Sex:
    A Minnesota Statewide School-Based Study, 2019.
Nic Rider, G
2022
  1. Mental Health and Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Among Black and Latinx
    Transgender Youth Compared With Peers.
Vance, Stanley Ray
2021
  1. Mental Health Concerns and Insurance Denials Among Transgender Adolescents.
Nahata, Leena
2017
  1. Mental health correlates of autism spectrum disorder in gender diverse young people:
    Evidence from a specialised child and adolescent gender clinic in Australia
Mahfouda S.
2019
  1. Mental health disorders, psychological distress, and suicidality in a diverse sample of lesbian, gay,
    bisexual, and transgender youths.
Mustanski, Brian S
2010
  1. Mental Health Disparities Among Canadian Transgender Youth.
Veale, Jaimie F
2017
  1. Mental health of transgender and gender nonconforming youth compared with their peers
Becerra-Culqui, TA
2018
  1. Mental health of transgender youth in care at an adolescent urban community health center:
    a matched retrospective cohort study.
Reisner, Sari L
2015
  1. Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care
Tordoff D.M.
2022
  1. Mental Health Status of Cisgender and Gender-Diverse Secondary School Students in China.
Wang, Yuanyuan
2020
  1. Minority Stress, Resilience, and Mental Health: A Study of Italian Transgender People
Scandurra, Cristiano
2017
  1. Moderating role of coping in the association between minority stress and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts
    among sexual and gender minority young adults.
de Lange, Jennifer
2022
  1. Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross-sex hormones.
van Kesteren, P J
1997
  1. Non-medical use of prescription drugs, polysubstance use, and mental health in transgender adults
Benotsch, E.
2013
  1. Peer victimisation and depression among gender conforming and non-conforming Thai adolescents.
Cheung, Doug H
2020
  1. Perceived discrimination and depression among low-income Latina male-to-female transgender women
Bazargan, M.
2012
  1. Personality disorders in persons with gender identity disorder
Duisin, D.
2014
  1. Physical and mental health of transgender older adults: an at-risk and underserved population.
Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I
2014
  1. Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Youth in California: Findings From a Representative,
    Population-Based Sample of High School Students.
Perez-Brumer, Amaya
2017
  1. Prevalence of and risk and protective factors for depression in female-to-male transgender Ontarians: Trans PULSE project
Rotondi, N.
2011
  1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancer during cross-sex hormone therapy in a large cohort of trans persons:
    A case-control study
Wierckx, K.
2013
  1. Prevalence of gender dysphoria and suicidality and self-harm in a national database of paediatric inpatients in the USA:
    a population-based, serial cross-sectional study.
Mitchell, Hannah K
2022
  1. Prevalence of gender identity disorder and suicide risk among transgender veterans utilizing veterans health administration care
Blosnich, J.
2013
  1. Prevalence of medical comorbidities and trajectory of gender-related medical interventions among youth aged 5-21
    presenting with gender dysphoria: A community based study
Imhof R.
2018
  1. Prevalence of Mental Health Problems in Transgender Children Aged 9 to 10 Years in the US, 2018.
Russell, Douglas H
2022
  1. Prevalence of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Transgender Individuals With Eating Disorders: A National Study.
Duffy, Mary E
2019
  1. Prospective Evaluation of Self-Reported Aggression in Transgender Persons
Defreyne, Justine
2018
  1. Psychiatric axis I comorbidities among patients with gender dysphoria
Meybodi, A.
2014
  1. Psychiatric characteristics in transsexual individuals: Multicentre study in four European countries
Heylens, G.
2014
  1. Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder
Hoshiai, M.
2010
  1. Psychiatric comorbidity in gender dysphoric adolescents.
de Vries, Annelou L C
2011
  1. Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder.
Hepp, U
2005
  1. Psychiatric diagnoses and comorbidities in a diverse, multicity cohort of young transgender women:
    Baseline findings from project LifeSkills
Reisner, S. L.
2016
  1. Psychiatric impact of gender-related abuse across the life course of male-tofemale transgender persons
Nuttbrock, L.
2010
  1. Psychological characteristics of Italian gender dysphoric adolescents: a case-control study.
Fisher, A D
2017
  1. Psychological well-being and level of outness in a population of male-to-female
    transsexual women attending a national transgender conference
Strain, J.
2011
  1. Psychopathological profiles in transsexuals and the challenge of their special status among the sexes
Auer, M. K.
2013
  1. Psychosocial and Psychological Vulnerability in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: A "Proof of Principle" Study.
Bechard, Melanie
2017
  1. Reduction in Mental Health Treatment Utilization Among Transgender Individuals After Gender-Affirming Surgeries:
    A Total Population Study
Bränström, Richard
2020
  1. Risk and Protective Factors for Self-Harm in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender Youth.
Taliaferro, Lindsay A
2019
  1. Self-Harm and Suicidality in Children Referred for Gender Dysphoria.
Aitken, Madison
2016
  1. Self-Harming Thoughts and Behaviors in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria
Skagerberg, Elin
2013
  1. Sex and gender differences in risk scores for dementia and Alzheimer's disease among cisgender, transgender,
    and non-binary adults.
Brady, Brooke
2024
  1. Sexual health of trans men who are gay, bisexual, or who have sex with men: Results from Ontario
Bauer, G.
2013
  1. Social support and psychological well-being in gender dysphoria: A comparison of patients with matched controls
Davey, A.
2014
  1. Sociodemographic and clinical features of gender identity disorder: An Italian multicentric evaluation
Fisher, A.
2013
  1. Sociodemographic characteristics of trans persons in Belgium: A secondary data analysis of medical, state, and social data
Motmans, J.
2014
  1. Sociodemographic Variables, Clinical Features, and the Role of Preassessment Cross-Sex Hormones in Older Trans People.
Bouman, Walter Pierre
2016
  1. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics of transsexuals from Spain.
Gómez-Gil, Esther
2009
  1. Somatic Health and Psychosocial Background Among Finnish Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria
    Seeking Hormonal Interventions
Vehmas, Nico
2022
  1. Stigmatization, Resilience, and Mental Health Among a Diverse Community Sample of
    Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals in the U.S.
Valente, Pablo K
2020
  1. Substance use and social anxiety in transsexual individuals
Guzman-Parra, J.
2014
  1. Substance use as a mediator of the relationship between life stress and sexual risk among young transgender women
Hotton, A.
2013
  1. Suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harming thoughts and behaviors in clinically referred children and
    adolescents with gender dysphoria.
Hartig, Amelie
2022
  1. Suicidal ideation among patients with gender identity disorder.
Terada, Seishi
2011
  1. Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth: Mechanisms of Risk.
Garthe, Rachel C
2022
  1. Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Gender Identity Disorder in Western Iran From March 2019 to March 2020
Alizadeh Mohajer, Mehdi
2020
  1. Suicidality among Gender Minority Youth: Analysis of 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data.
Jackman, Kasey B
2021
  1. Suicidality Disparities Between Transgender and Cisgender Adolescents.
Thoma, Brian C
2019
  1. Suicidality in clinic-referred transgender adolescents.
de Graaf, Nastasja M
2022
  1. Suicidality, Self-Harm, and Body Dissatisfaction in Transgender Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Gender Dysphoria.
Peterson, Claire M
2017
  1. Suicide attempts among a cohort of transgender and gender diverse people
Mak, J
2020
  1. Suicide risk among transgender individuals
Maguen, S.
2010
  1. Suicide risk in the UK trans population and the role of gender transition in decreasing suicidal ideation and suicide attempt
Bailey, L.
2014
  1. Suicideology self-harm, and body dissatisfaction in transgender adolescents and emerging adults with gender dysphoria
Peterson, C.M.
2017
  1. Syndemic theory and HIV-related risk among young transgender women: the role of multiple,
    co-occurring health problems and social marginalization
Brennan, J.
2012
  1. The clinical profile of patients attending a large, Australian pediatric gender service: A 10-year review.
Tollit, Michelle A
2023
  1. The frequency of personality disorders in patients with gender identity disorder
Meybodi, A. M.
2014
  1. The health and well-being of transgender high school students: results from the New Zealand
    adolescent health survey (Youth'12).
Clark, Terryann C
2014
  1. The nature of co-morbid psychopathology in adolescents with gender dysphoria.
Karvonen, M
2022
  1. The Role of Internalized Transphobia, Loneliness, and Social Support in the Psychological Well-Being of a Group of Italian
    Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Youths.
Garro, Maria
2022
  1. The wellbeing and health needs of a cohort of transgender young people accessing specialist medical
    gender-affirming healthcare in Auckland
Oliphant J.
2021
  1. Traits of autism spectrum disorders in adults with gender dysphoria
Pasterski, V.
2014
  1. Transgender adolescents have high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors
    before and after taking hormone therapy for 1 year
Staab A.M.
2021
  1. Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population
Bouman, Walter Pierre
2016
  1. Transgender and non‑binary demographics, referrals, and comorbidities among young Irish adults (2014-2020)
Kearns, Seán
2023
  1. Transgender clients: Identifying and minimizing barriers to mental health treatment
Shipherd, J.
2010
  1. Transgender Dependent Adolescents in the U.S. Military Health Care System: Demographics,
    reatments Sought, and Health Care Service Utilization.
Van Donge, Nela
2019
  1. Transgender health disparities: Comparing full cohort and nested matched-pair study designs in a community health center
Reisner, S.
2014
  1. Transgender health in Massachusetts: results from a household probability sample of adults
Conron, K. J.
2012
  1. Transgender Identity and Experiences of Violence Victimization, Substance Use, Suicide Risk,
    and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students - 19 States and Large Urban School Districts, 2017
Johns, Michelle M
2019
  1. Transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents
Heino, Elias
2023
  1. Transgender Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions: Exploring Fee-for-Service Claims Data
Dragon, Christina N
2017
  1. Transgender-based disparities in suicidality: A population-based study of key predictions from four theoretical models
Bränström, Richard
2022
  1. Transsexual patients' psychiatric comorbidity and positive effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health:
    results from a longitudinal study.
Colizzi, Marco
2014
  1. Two years of gender identity service for minors: overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems
    in adolescent development
Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu
2015
  1. Understanding sociocultural and psychological factors affecting transgender people of color in San Francisco
Bith-Melander, P.
2010
  1. Weight-related disparities for transgender college students
Vankim, N.
2014
  1. Young people with features of gender dysphoria: Demographics and associated difficulties

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Holt, Vicky
2016

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